??????? ????? (e) ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? "??????? ?????".
??????:
elastomers ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ??????, ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????/????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ???????.
?????:
?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??. ???, ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????.
????? ??????/?????:
?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?:
k = p/ev
??? p ??? ???? ??????????, ?-k ??? ???? ??????????, ?-k ??? ???????. ?????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
????? ????, ?????? ???? ???????. ???, ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???, ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????, e. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? E, ?????? g, ???? ???? v.