???? ????? ???? ??????????? (????????), ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (ts) ?? ??? ???????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? (???), ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ???????????.
??????:
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????.
????? ???? ?????:
???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? tenometer ?? ?? ???? (????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????) ??? ?? ?????? ????.
?? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????:
???? ?????-???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 0.2 {65978042dab827e24d1208ef740965169b304a690a044c13af4b9da7701} ????? ??????.
??? ???????????-???? ????? ???? ???? ?????.
????? ???-??????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????.
???? ????? (astm D412-98a) ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????:
test test a:
dumblell ????? ???-?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?-1.3 ? "? (0.05 ???? ') ??? ???? ?-3.3 ? "? (0.13 ????').
???? ????? ?:
???? ?????? ???? ?????-?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ??????, ??? '??????? ?? ??? ???? astm.
????? ???? ?????
????? ???? ???? ????? ???????:
ts = f (?????)/a)/
????:
ts = ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????, mpa (lbf/in.2)
f (?????) = ???? ???? ?? ???, mn (lbf)
a = ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????, M2 (in.2)